ABOUT RULERS

Rulers help you position images or elements precisely. When visible, rulers appear along the top and left side of the active window. Markers in the ruler display the pointer’s position when you move it. Changing the ruler origin (the (0, 0) mark on the top and left rulers) lets you measure from a specific point on the image. The ruler origin also determines the grid’s point of origin. To show or hide rulers, choose View > Rulers. Change a ruler’s zero origin (Optional) Choose View > Snap To, then choose any combination of options from the submenu. This snaps the ruler origin to guides, slices, or document bounds. You can also snap to the grid. Position the pointer over the intersection of the rulers in the upper left corner of the window, and drag diagonally down onto the image. A set of cross hairs appears, marking the new origin on the rulers. Dragging to create new ruler origin Change the unit of measurement Do one of the following: Double-click a ruler. (Windows) Choose Edit > Preferences > Units & Rulers, or right-click the ruler and then choose a new unit from the context menu. (Mac OS) Choose Photoshop > Preferences > Units & Rulers, or Control-click the ruler and then choose a new unit from the context menu. For Rulers, choose a unit of measurement. Changing the units on the Info palette automatically changes the units on the rulers. For Point/Pica Size, choose from the following options: PostScript (72 points per inch) Sets a unit size compatible for printing to a PostScript device. Traditional Uses 72.27 points per inch, as traditionally used in printing. Click OK. Position with the Ruler tool The Ruler tool helps you position images or elements precisely. The Ruler tool calculates the distance between any two points in the workspace. When you measure from one point to another, a nonprinting line is drawn, and the options bar and Info palette show the following information: The starting location (X and Y) The horizontal (W) and vertical (H) distances traveled from the x and y axes The angle measured relative to the axis (A) The total length traveled (D1) The two lengths traveled (D1 and D2), when you use a protractor All measurements except the angle are calculated in the unit of measure currently set in the Units & Rulers preference dialog box. If your document has an existing measuring line, selecting the Ruler tool causes it to be displayed. Position with guides and the grid Guides and the grid help you position images or elements precisely. Guides appear as nonprinting lines that float over the image. You can move and remove guides. You can also lock them so that you don’t move them by accident. The grid is useful for laying out elements symmetrically. The grid appears by default as nonprinting lines but can also be displayed as dots. Guides and grids behave in similar ways: Selections, selection borders, and tools snap to a guide or the grid when dragged within 8 screen (not image) pixels. Guides also snap to the grid when moved. You can turn this feature on and off. Guide spacing, along with guide and grid visibility and snapping, is specific to an image.Grid spacing, along with guide and grid color and style, is the same for all images. You can use Smart Guides to help align shapes, slices, and selections. They appear automatically when you draw a shape, or create a selection or slide. You can hide Smart Guides if you need to. Use snapping Snapping helps with precise placement of selection edges, cropping marquees, slices, shapes, and paths. However, sometimes snapping prevents you from correctly placing elements. You can enable or disable snapping using the Snap command. You can also specify different elements to which you want to snap when snapping is enabled. Use the Undo or Redo commands The Undo and Redo commands let you undo or redo operations. You can also use the History palette to undo or redo operations. Choose Edit > Undo or Edit > Redo. If an operation can’t be undone, the command is dimmed and changes to Can’t Undo. Revert to the last saved version Choose File > Revert. Note: Revert is added as a history state in the History palette and can be undone. Restore part of an image to its previously saved version Do one of the following: Use the History Brush tool to paint with the selected state or snapshot on the History palette. Use the Eraser tool with the Erase To History option selected. Select the area you want to restore, and choose Edit > Fill. For Use, choose History, and click OK. Note: To restore the image with a snapshot of the initial state of the document, choose History Options from the Palette menu and make sure that the Automatically Create First Snapshot option is selected. Work with the History palette You can use the History palette to jump to any recent state of the image created during the current working session. Each time you apply a change to an image, the new state of that image is added to the palette. For example, if you select, paint, and rotate part of an image, each of those states is listed separately in the palette. When you select one of the states, the image reverts to how it looked when that change was first applied. You can then work from that state. You can also use the History palette to delete image states and, in Photoshop, to create a document from a state or snapshot. To display the History palette, choose Window > History, or click the History palette tab. Photoshop History palette A. Sets the source for the history brush. B. Thumbnail of a snapshot. C. History state. D. History state slider. Keep the following in mind when using the History palette: Program-wide changes, such as changes to palettes, color settings, actions, and preferences, are not reflected in the History palette, because they are not changes to a particular image. By default, the History palette lists the previous 20 states. You can change the number of remembered states by setting a preference. Older states are automatically deleted to free more memory for Photoshop. To keep a particular state throughout your work session, make a snapshot of the state. Once you close and reopen the document, all states and snapshots from the last working session are cleared from the palette. By default, a snapshot of the initial state of the document is displayed at the top of the palette. States are added to the bottom of the list. That is, the oldest state is at the top of the list, the most recent one at the bottom. Each state is listed with the name of the tool or command used to change the image. By default, when you select a state, the states below it are dimmed. This way you can easily see which changes will be discarded if you continue working from the selected state. By default, selecting a state and then changing the image eliminates all states that come after it. If you select a state and then change the image, eliminating the states that came after, you can use the Undo command to undo the last change and restore the eliminated states. By default, deleting a state deletes that state and those that came after it. If you choose the Allow Non-Linear History option, deleting a state deletes only that state. Make a snapshot of an image The Snapshot command lets you make a temporary copy (or snapshot) of any state of the image. The new snapshot is added to the list of snapshots at the top of the History palette. Selecting a snapshot lets you work from that version of the image. Snapshots are similar to the states listed in the History palette, but they offer additional advantages: You can name a snapshot to make it easy to identify. Snapshots can be stored for an entire work session. You can compare effects easily. For example, you can take a snapshot before and after applying a filter. Then select the first snapshot, and try the same filter with different settings. Switch between the snapshots to find the settings you like best. With snapshots, you can recover your work easily. When you experiment with a complex technique or apply an action, take a snapshot first. If you’re not satisfied with the results, you can select the snapshot to undo all the steps. Snapshots are not saved with the image—closing an image deletes its snapshots. Also, unless you select the Allow Non-Linear History option, selecting a snapshot and changing the image deletes all of the states currently listed in the History palette. Change pixel dimensions of an image Changing an image’s pixel dimensions affects not only its on screen size but also its image quality and its printed characteristics—either its printed dimensions or its image resolution. Choose Image > Image Size. To maintain the current ratio of pixel width to pixel height, select Constrain Proportions. This option automatically updates the width as you change the height, and vice versa. Under Pixel Dimensions, enter values for Width and Height. To enter values as percentages of the current dimensions, choose Percent as the unit of measurement. The new file size for the image appears at the top of the Image Size dialog box, with the old file size in parentheses. Make sure that Resample Image is selected, and choose an interpolation method. If your image has layers with styles applied to them, select Scale Styles to scale the effects in the resized image. This option is available only if you selected Constrain Proportions. When you finish setting options, click OK. For best results when you produce a smaller image, downsample and apply the Unsharp Mask filter. To produce a larger image, rescan the image at a higher resolution. WORKSPACE ABOUT TOOLS ABOUT RULERS PRINT & RESOLUTION LAYERS

ABOUT TOOLS

When you start Photoshop, the Tools palette appears at the left of the screen. Some tools in the Tools palette have options that appear in the context-sensitive options bar. These include the tools that let you use type, select, paint, draw, sample, edit, move, annotate, and view images. Other tools allow you to change foreground/background colors, go to Adobe Online, and work in different modes. You can expand some tools to show hidden tools beneath them. A small triangle at the lower right of the tool icon signals the presence of hidden tools. You can view information about any tool by positioning the pointer over it. The name of the tool appears in a tool tip below the pointer. Some tool tips contain links leading to additional information about the tool. If You Don't Clear Image You Will Click on Image Selection tools gallery If You Don't Clear Image You Will Click on Image Crop and slice tools gallery If You Don't Clear Image You Will Click on Image Retouching tools gallery If You Don't Clear Image You Will Click on Image Painting tools gallery If You Don't Clear Image You Will Click on Image Drawing and type tools gallery If You Don't Clear Image You Will Click on Image Annotation, measuring, and navigation tools gallery If You Don't Clear Image You Will Click on Image USE A TOOL Do one of the following: Click a tool in the Tools palette. If there is a small triangle at a tool’s lower right corner, hold down the mouse button to view the hidden tools. Then click the tool you want to select. Press the tool’s keyboard shortcut. The keyboard shortcut is displayed in its tool tip. For example, you can select the Move tool by pressing the V key. Using the selecting tools A. Tools palette. B. Active tool. C. Hidden tools. D. Tool name. E. Tool shortcut. F. Hidden tool triangle. Using the options bar The options bar appears below the menu bar at the top of the workspace. The options bar is context sensitive—it changes as you select different tools. Some settings in the options bar (such as painting modes and opacity) are common to several tools, and some are specific to one tool. You can move the options bar in the workspace by using the gripper bar, and you can dock it at the top or bottom of the screen. Tool tips appear when you position the pointer over a tool. To show or hide the options bar, choose Window > Options. Lasso options bar A. Gripper bar. B. Tool tip. To return tools to their default settings, right-click (Windows) or Control-click (Mac OS) the tool icon in the options bar, and then choose Reset Tool or Reset All Tools from the context menu. For more information on setting options for a specific tool, search for the tool’s name in Photoshop Help. Create and use tool presets Tool presets let you save and reuse tool settings. You can load, edit, and create libraries of tool presets using the Tool Preset picker in the options bar, the Tool Presets palette, and the Preset Manager. To choose a tool preset, click the Tool Preset picker in the options bar, and select a preset from the pop up palette. You can also choose Window > Tool Presets and select a preset in the Tools Presets palette. Viewing the Tool Preset picker A. Click the Tool Preset picker in the options bar to show the Tool Preset pop up palette. B. Select a preset to change the tool’s options to the preset, which applies each time you select the tool until you choose Reset Tool from the palette menu. C. Deselect to show all tool presets; select to show presets for only the tool selected in the toolbox. WORKSPACE ABOUT TOOLS ABOUT RULERS PRINT & RESOLUTION LAYERS

WORKSPACE

The Adobe® Photoshop® CS3 workspace is arranged to help you focus on creating and editing images. The workspace includes menus and a variety of tools and palettes for viewing, editing, and adding elements to your images. Workspace overview You create and manipulate your documents and files using various elements such as panels, bars, and windows. Any arrangement of these elements is called a workspace. When you first start an Adobe Creative Suite component, you see the default workspace, which you can customize for the tasks you perform there. For instance, you can create one workspace for editing and another for viewing, save them, and switch between them as you work. You can restore the default workspace at any time by choosing the default option on the Window > Workspace menu. Although default workspaces vary across Flash, Illustrator, InCopy, InDesign, and Photoshop, you manipulate the elements much the same way in all of them. The Photoshop default workspace is typical: The menu bar across the top organizes commands under menus. The Tools panel (called the Tools palette in Photoshop) contains tools for creating and editing images, artwork, page elements, and so on. Related tools are grouped together. The Control panel (called the options bar in Photoshop) displays options for the currently selected tool. (Flash has no Control panel.) The Document window (called the Stage in Flash) displays the file you’re working on. Panels (called palettes in Photoshop) help you monitor and modify your work. Examples include the Timeline in Flash and the Layers palette in Photoshop. Certain panels are displayed by default, but you can add any panel by selecting it from the Window menu. Many panels have menus with panel-specific options. Panels can be grouped, stacked, or docked. If You Don't Clear Image You Will Click on Image Default Photoshop workspace A. Document window. B. Dock of panels collapsed to icons. C. Panel title bar. D. Menu bar. E. Options bar. F. Tools palette. G. Collapse To Icons button. H. Three palette (panel) groups in vertical dock. Enter values in palettes, dialog boxes, and the options bar Do any of the following: Type a value in the text box, and press Enter (Windows) or Return (Mac OS). Drag the slider. Move the pointer over the title of a slider or pop up slider. When the pointer turns to a pointing finger, drag the scrubby slider to the left or right. This feature is available only for selected sliders and pop up sliders. Drag the dial. Click the arrow buttons in the palette to increase or decrease the value. (Windows) Click the text box and then use the Up Arrow key and the Down Arrow key on the keyboard to increase or decrease the value. Select a value from the menu associated with the text box. If You Don't Clear Image You Will Click on Image Ways to enter values A. Menu arrow. B. Scrubby slider. C. Text box. D. Dial. E. Slider. Pop up sliders Some palettes, dialog boxes, and options bars contain settings that use pop up sliders (for example, the Opacity option in the Layers palette). If there is a triangle next to the text box, you can activate the pop up slider by clicking the triangle. Position the pointer over the triangle next to the setting, hold down the mouse button, and drag the slider or angle radius to the desired value. Click outside the slider box or press Enter to close the slider box. To cancel changes, press the Esc key. To increase or decrease values in 10% increments when the pop up slider box is open, hold down Shift and press the Up Arrow or Down Arrow key. If You Don't Clear Image You Will Click on Image Using different kinds of pop up sliders A. Click to open pop up slider box. B. Drag slider or angle radius. You can also “scrub” some pop up sliders. For example, if you hold the pointer over the word “Fill” or “Opacity” in the Layers palette, the pointer changes to the Hand icon. Then you can move the pointer left or right to change the fill or opacity percentage. Scrubby sliders In some palettes, dialog boxes, and options bars, you can drag scrubby sliders to change option values. Scrubby sliders are hidden until you position the pointer over the title of sliders and pop up sliders. When the pointer changes to a pointing finger, you drag to the left or right. Holding down the Shift key while dragging accelerates the scrubbing by a factor of 10. If You Don't Clear Image You Will Click on Image Hovering over the title of a slider or pop up slider shows the scrubby slider Working with pop up palettes Pop up palettes provide easy access to available options for brushes, swatches, gradients, styles, patterns, contours, and shapes. You can customize pop up palettes by renaming and deleting items and by loading, saving, and replacing libraries. You can also change the display of a pop up palette to view items by their names, as thumbnail icons, or with both names and icons. Click a tool thumbnail in the options bar to show its pop up palette. Click an item in the pop up palette to select it. If You Don't Clear Image You Will Click on Image Viewing the Brush pop up palette in the options bar A. Click to show the pop up palette. B. Click to view the pop up palette menu. WORKSPACE ABOUT TOOLS ABOUT RULERS PRINT & RESOLUTION LAYERS

SETTING-UP DOCUMENT

WORKSPACE Workspace overview Enter values in palettes, dialog boxes, and the options bar Pop up sliders Scrubby sliders Working with pop up palettes ABOUT TOOLS Selection tools gallery Crop and slice tools gallery Retouching tools gallery Painting tools gallery Drawing and type tools gallery Annotation, measuring, and navigation tools gallery USE A TOOL Using the options bar Create and use tool presets ABOUT RULERS Change a ruler’s zero origin Change the unit of measurement Position with the Ruler tool Position with guides and the grid Use snapping Use the Undo or Redo commands Revert to the last saved version Restore part of an image to its previously saved version Work with the History palette Make a snapshot of an image Change pixel dimensions of an image PRINT & RESOLUTION Change the print dimensions and resolution Determine a suggested resolution for an image View the print size on screen Change the canvas size LAYERS About layers Work nondestructively Organize layers Layers palette overview Convert background and layers Create layers and groups Show or hide a layer, group, or style View layers and groups within a group Sample from all visible layers Select layers Group and ungroup layers Add layers to a group Link and unlink layers Rename a layer or group Assign a color to a layer or group Rasterize layers Delete a layer or group Export layers Merge and stamp layers Specify opacity for a layer or group Specify fill opacity for a layer Specify a blending mode for a layer or group Filling new layers with a neutral color Create a knockout Exclude channels from blending Group blend effects About layer effects and styles Apply preset styles Apply or edit a custom layer style Layer style options Modify layer effects with contours Set a global lighting angle for all layers Display or hide layer styles Create and manage preset styles Copy layer styles Convert a layer style to image layers

SAVING AND EXPORTING IMAGES

Adobe Photoshop CS3 supports a variety of file formats to suit a wide range of output needs. You can save or export your image to any of these formats. You can also use special Photoshop features to add information to files, set up multiple page layouts, and place images in other applications. Saving image files Graphic file formats differ in the way they represent image data (as pixels or vectors), in compression techniques, and which Photoshop features they support. To preserve all the Photoshop features in your edited image (layers, effects, masks, styles, and so forth), it’s best to save a copy of your image in Photoshop format (PSD). Like most file formats, PSD can only support files up to 2 GB in size. In Photoshop, if you are working with document files larger than 2 GB, you can save your image in the Large Document Format (PSB), Photoshop Raw (flattened image only), or TIFF (up to 4 GB in size only). You can save 16 bits-per-channel images only in the following formats using the Save As command: Photoshop, Photoshop PDF, Photoshop Raw, Large Document Format (PSB), Cineon, PNG, and TIFF. When using the Save For Web & Devices command with a 16 bits-per-channel image, Photoshop automatically converts the image from 16 bits per channel to 8 bits per channel. You can save 32 bits-per-channel images only in the following formats using the Save As command: Photoshop, Large Document Format (PSB), OpenEXR, Portable Bit Map, Radiance, and TIFF. You can use the following commands to save images: Save Saves changes you’ve made to the current file. The file is saved in the current format. Save As Saves an image in a different location or under another filename. The Save As command lets you save an image in a different format and with different options. Check In Lets you save different versions of a file and comment on each. This command is available for an image that is managed by a Version Cue Workspace. Save For Web & Devices Save an optimized image for the web and devices. Save large documents Photoshop supports documents up to 300,000 pixels in either dimension and offers three file formats for saving documents with images having more than 30,000 pixels in either dimension. Keep in mind that most other applications, including versions of Photoshop earlier than Photoshop CS, cannot handle files larger than 2 GB or images exceeding 30,000 pixels in either dimension. Choose File > Save As, and choose one of the following file formats: Large Document Format (PSB) Supports documents of any file size. All Photoshop features are preserved in PSB files. Currently, PSB files are supported only by Photoshop CS and later. Photoshop Raw Supports documents of any pixel dimension or file size, but does not support layers. Large documents saved in the Photoshop Raw format are flattened. TIFF Supports files up to 4 GB in size. Documents larger than 4 GB cannot be saved in TIFF format. ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ABOUT BITMAP/RASTER IMAGES ABOUT VECTOR GRAPHICS OPEN FILES SAVING AND EXPORTING IMAGES

OPEN FILES

You can open files using the Open command and Open Recent command. You can also open files into Photoshop from Adobe Bridge. When opening certain files, such as camera raw and PDF, you specify settings and options in a dialog box before the files completely open in Photoshop. In addition to still images, Photoshop® CS3 Extended users can open and edit video and image sequence files. Photoshop uses plug in modules to open and import many file formats. If a file format does not appear in the Open dialog box or in the File > Import submenu, you may need to install the format’s plug in module. Sometimes Photoshop may not be able to determine the correct format for a file. This can happen, for example, because the file has been transferred between two operating systems. Sometimes a transfer between Mac OS and Windows can cause the file format to be mislabeled. In such cases, you must specify the correct format in which to open the file. You can retain (where possible) layers, masks, transparency, compound shapes, slices, image maps, and editable type when bringing your Illustrator art into Photoshop. In Illustrator, export the art in the Photoshop (PSD) file format. If your Illustrator art contains elements that Photoshop doesn’t support, the appearance of the artwork is preserved, but the layers are merged and the artwork is rasterized. Open PDF files Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) is a versatile file format that can represent both vector and bitmap data. It has electronic document search and navigation features. PDF is the primary format for Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Acrobat. Some PDF files contain a single image, and others contain multiple pages and images. When you open a PDF file in Photoshop, you can choose which pages or images to open and specify rasterization options. You can also import PDF data using the Place command, the Paste command, and the drag-and-drop feature. The page or image is placed on a separate layer as a Smart Object. Open an EPS file Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) can represent both vector and bitmap data and is supported by virtually all graphic, illustration, and page-layout programs. Adobe applications that produce PostScript artwork include Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Dimensions, and Adobe Streamline. When you open an EPS file containing vector art, it is rasterized - the mathematically defined lines and curves of the vector artwork are converted into the pixels or bits of a bitmap image. You can also bring PostScript artwork into Photoshop using the Place command, the Paste command, and the drag-and-drop feature. Placing files The Place command adds a photo, art, or any Photoshop-supported file as a Smart Object to your document. Smart Objects can be scaled, positioned, skewed, rotated, or warped without degrading the image. To place, just open the Photoshop document that is the destination for the placed art or photo. Do one of the following: (Photoshop) Choose File > Place, select the file you want to place, and click Place. (Bridge) Select the file and choose File > Place > In Photoshop. Place PDF or Illustrator files in Photoshop When you place a PDF or Adobe Illustrator file, use the Place PDF dialog box to set options for placing the artwork. With the destination Photoshop document open, place a PDF or Adobe Illustrator file. Under Select in the Place PDF dialog box, select Page or Image, depending on what elements of the PDF document you want to import. If the PDF file has multiple pages or images, click the thumbnail of the page or file you want to place. Use the Thumbnail Size menu to adjust the thumbnail view in the preview window. The Fit Page option fits one thumbnail in the preview window. A scroll bar appears if there are multiple items. Under Options, choose from the Crop To menu to specify what part of the PDF or Illustrator (AI) document to include: Bounding Box Crops to the smallest rectangular region that includes all the text and graphics of the page. This option eliminates extraneous white space. Media Box Crops to the original size of the page. Crop Box Crops to the clipping region (crop margins) of the PDF file. Bleed Box Crops to the region specified in the PDF file for accommodating limitations inherent in production processes such as cutting, folding, and trimming. Trim Box Crops to the region specified for the intended finished size of the page. Art Box Crops to the region specified in the PDF file for placing the PDF data into another application. Click OK to close the Place PDF dialog box. If necessary, set any positioning, scaling, skewing, rotating, warping, or anti-aliasing options in the options bar. Click Committo place the artwork as a Smart Object on a new layer of the destination document. Paste Adobe Illustrator art (vector graphics) into Photoshop You can copy art from Adobe Illustrator and paste it into a Photoshop document. In Adobe Illustrator, specify preferences for the copy-and-paste behavior. To automatically rasterize the art when pasting it into a Photoshop document, turn off the PDF and the AICB (No Transparency Support) options in the File Handling & Clipboard preferences. To paste the art as a Smart Object, rasterized image, path, or shape layer, turn on the PDF and the AICB (No Transparency Support) options in the File Handling & Clipboard preferences. Open a file in Adobe Illustrator, select the art you want to copy, and choose Edit > Copy. In Photoshop, open the document that you want to paste the Adobe Illustrator art into and then choose Edit > Paste. If the PDF and the AICB (No Transparency Support) options are turned off in the File Handling & Clipboard preferences of Adobe Illustrator, the art is automatically rasterized as it’s pasted into the Photoshop document. You can skip the rest of the steps in this procedure. In the Paste dialog box, select how you want to paste the Adobe Illustrator art and then click OK: Smart Object Pastes the art as a Vector Smart Object that can be scaled, transformed, or moved without degrading the image. As the art is placed, its file data is embedded in the Photoshop document on a separate layer. Pixels Pastes the art as pixels that can be scaled, transformed, or moved before it is rasterized and placed on its own layer in the Photoshop document. Path Pastes the art as a path that can be edited with the pen tools, Path Selection tool, or Direct Selection tool. The path is pasted into the layer that’s selected in the Layers palette. Shape Layer Pastes the art as a new shape layer (a layer containing a path filled with the foreground color). If you selected Smart Object or Pixels in the Paste dialog box, make any transformations you wish, and then click Enter or Return to place the art. If you selected Smart Object or Pixels in the Paste dialog box, make any transformations you wish, and then click Enter or Return to place the art. ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ABOUT BITMAP/RASTER IMAGES ABOUT VECTOR GRAPHICS OPEN FILES SAVING AND EXPORTING IMAGES

ABOUT BITMAP/RASTER IMAGES and VECTOR GRAPHICS

ABOUT BITMAP/RASTER IMAGES Bitmap images - technically called raster images - use a rectangular grid of picture elements (pixels) to represent images. Each pixel is assigned a specific location and color value. When working with bitmap images, you edit pixels rather than objects or shapes. Bitmap images are the most common electronic medium for continuous-tone images, such as photographs or digital paintings, because they can more efficiently represent subtle gradations of shades and color. Bitmap images are resolution-dependent - that is, they contain a fixed number of pixels. As a result, they can lose detail and appear jagged if they are scaled to high magnifications on screen or if they are printed at a lower resolution than they were created for. Example of a bitmap image at different levels of magnification Bitmap images sometimes require large amounts of storage space, and often need to be compressed to keep file sizes down when used in certain Creative Suite components. For instance, you compress an image file in its original application before you import it into a layout. ABOUT VECTOR GRAPHICS Vector graphics (sometimes called vector shapes or vector objects) are made up of lines and curves defined by mathematical objects called vectors, which describe an image according to its geometric characteristics. Example of a vector image at different levels of magnification You can freely move or modify vector graphics without losing detail or clarity, because they are resolution-independent - they maintain crisp edges when resized, printed to a PostScript printer, saved in a PDF file, or imported into a vector-based graphics application. As a result, vector graphics are the best choice for artwork, such as logos, that will be used at various sizes and in various output media. The vector objects you create using the drawing and shape tools in Adobe Creative Suite are examples of vector graphics. You can use the Copy and Paste commands to duplicate vector graphics between Creative Suite components. In Adobe Illustrator, you can create bitmap effects in your artwork using filters, effects, and graphic styles. Combining vector graphics and bitmap images When combining vector graphics and bitmap images in a document, it’s important to remember that how your artwork looks on-screen isn’t always how it will look in its final medium (whether commercially printed, printed on a desktop printer, or viewed on the web). The following factors influence the quality of your final artwork: Transparency Many effects add partially transparent pixels to your artwork. When your artwork contains transparency, Photoshop performs a process called flattening before printing or exporting. In most cases, the default flattening process produces excellent results. However, if your artwork contains complex, overlapping areas and you require high-resolution output, you will probably want to preview the effects of flattening. Image Resolution Resolution is the number of pixels per inch (ppi) in a bitmap image. Using too low resolution for printed image will results in pixilation - output with large, coarse-looking pixels. Using too high resolution (pixels smaller than what the output device can produce) increases the file size without increasing the quality of the printed output, and slows the printing of the artwork. Printer resolution and screen frequency The number of ink dots produced per inch (dpi) and the number of lines per inch (lpi) in a halftone screen. The relationship between image resolution, printer resolution, and screen frequency determines the quality of detail in the printed image. ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ABOUT BITMAP/RASTER IMAGES ABOUT VECTOR GRAPHICS OPEN FILES SAVING AND EXPORTING IMAGES SAVING AND EXPORTING IMAGES

ABOUT PHOTOSHOP

What is Adobe Photoshop? Adobe Photoshop is hands down, the most popular program for creating and modifying images for design projects such as poster, brochure, animation and website. This is true not only because Photoshop is available on a wide array of platforms ranging from Mac to Windows to UNIX, but because after four generations of development, Adobe Photoshop has the most intuitive user interface, the most complete set of tools, and the largest number of reference books around. Photoshop is only one tool in a good designer's arsenal. Other popular tools include Paint Shop Pro, DeBabelizer, or LView Pro for Windows and GIF Converter or Graphics Converter for Macintosh. Fractal Design, Aldus and HSC also put out some excellent programs. However, since most programs these days use similar concepts, many of the things we talk about here will be directly relevant to any other graphics program on the market. Photoshop Requirements One thing to keep in mind about using Photoshop however that is since Photoshop is so powerful, it requires a fairly souped-up working environment to make it run more efficiently. Specifically, it would be a good idea to have at least 32MB of RAM. After all, as a designer, you will be tasking your system while developing. Often you will have several internet windows, Photoshop, HTML editor, a word processor, and two or three other software open all at one time. Without enough resources, your computer will not have enough power to keep up with you. What Does Photoshop Do? So what exactly can you do with Photoshop? Well, like any image-editing program, you can use Photoshop to "alter" images like photos, downloaded images, or scanned artwork. Altering an image includes doing such things as changing the colors within an image, modifying the size and scale of an image, or putting one picture "within" another. Here are some versions of an image that has been altered by Photoshop. Alteration also includes technical modifications such as changing the mode of image compression from one type to another, or changing the number of bits used per pixel. But, aside from altering images, Photoshop has a vast array of tools that help you "create" images from scratch. On the web, you will often need to make custom icons, buttons, lines, balls or text art. Photoshop makes all of this excessively easy and fun. When Photoshop draws a line, the line is converted into little dots, called pixels. When small enough, and with blended colors (anti-aliasing), these dots can come to look like lines. ABOUT PHOTOSHOP ABOUT BITMAP/RASTER IMAGES ABOUT VECTOR GRAPHICS OPEN FILES SAVING AND EXPORTING IMAGES

INTRODUCTION TO ADOBE PHOTOSHOP

ADOBE PHOTOSHOP What is Adobe Photoshop? Photoshop Requirements What Does Photoshop Do? ABOUT BITMAP/RASTER IMAGES ABOUT VECTOR GRAPHICS Combining vector graphics and bitmap images OPEN FILES Open PDF files Open an EPS file Placing files Place PDF or Illustrator files in Photoshop Paste Adobe Illustrator art (vector graphics) into Photoshop SAVING AND EXPORTING IMAGES Saving image files